Continuous Quality Improvement (CQI) Practice Exam

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Which of the following best defines lag indicators?

Predictions based on current data
Activities that influence customer satisfaction
Outcomes of measurements that have already occurred
Feedback mechanisms for quality improvement

The correct answer is: Outcomes of measurements that have already occurred

Lag indicators are metrics that reflect the results of past actions or performance outcomes, essentially showing what has already happened. This means they are retrospective in nature, providing insights into the effectiveness of previous efforts and allowing organizations to evaluate whether they have met their goals. For instance, reviewing customer satisfaction scores for the past quarter or examining sales figures from the previous year would be examples of lag indicators, as these reflect outcomes that have already taken place. The other options, while related to performance measurement and improvement, do not accurately capture the essence of what lag indicators represent. Predictions based on current data are proactive and indicative of future performance, not past results. Activities that influence customer satisfaction refer to proactive actions intended to improve outcomes, and feedback mechanisms are tools used for continuous improvement, which also focus on future enhancements rather than historical performance metrics.